The discussion on Liu Xin supporting Wang Mang to usurp Han Dynasty had been gradually strengthened since Jin Dynasty. It came to great prosperity in Kang Youwei's age. Qian Mu once argued with this opinion with one-sided thinking and analytical model. However

historical things are always dynamic

and historical phenomena are complicated. This requires us to analyze historical things and phenomena with dynamic and complicated thinking. From assisting Han Dynasty 's emperor to usurp Han Dynasty

Wang Mang's ambition became more and more obvious. Liu Xin's attitude to him changed according to his change

from assisting to inner fear

to betraying. Liu Xin's behaviors to propose prose written in the classical literary style

to strike chen wei

to promote wu de shi zhong

aimed to rescue Han Dynasty through supporting Wang Mang. When Wang Mang showed up his ambition to be the emperor

Liu Xin changed his attitude from assisting to inner fear

to betraying. From Liu Xin's life and his relationship with Wang Mang

we can see Liu Xin's loyalty to Han Dynasty. Liu Xin's opinions and behaviors used by Wang Mang to usurp Han Dynasty was not Liu Xin's real intention. There are great differences between deliberation and object "intention" .