Although the female novelists and their works from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China have entered the vision of researchers

their existence is to some extent veiled

which greatly affects the judgment of their values. However

the editing strategies of Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School provide a unique perspective to a better understanding of them. On the one hand

the periodical editor of Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School packaged the female novelists through recommending and commenting them by the famous

thus establishing their public image. On the other hand

the female novels can be regarded as the discourse practice of the ideas of Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School

but some texts also presents narrative deviation from it. Actually

it is in the imitation and transcendence of Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School which is based on native resources that female novels are pushed to modern threshold

which provides a way to the literary modern transformation beyond the May 4th paradigm.