摘要:<正>一、什么叫文化众所周知,“文化”的含义是很广的,人们对文化的定义也不尽相同.英国人类学家泰勒(Edward Tylor,1871)在《原始文化》一书中提出:文化是一个“复合的整体,其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他的能力和习惯.”语言学家萨庇尔(Sapir,1921)认为:“文化可以解释为社会所做的和所想的.”人类学家班内迪克特(Bene-dict,1935)说:“真正把人们结合在一起的是他们的文化——他们共有的思想和标准.”布朗(Brown,1978)的定义是:“文化是信念、习惯、生活模式和行为的总和,这一切大致上为占据着特定的地理区域的人们所共有”.科尔兹(Kohls,1979)则认为:“文化指的是某些集团的人们的整个生活方式,包括人们所想的、所说的、所做的、所制作的一切.”有些西方学者从人类文化学的观点出发,把文化分为正式文化和普通文化.正式文化包括文学、艺术、音乐、建筑、历史、政治、哲学、科技成就等集中反映人类文明的各方面,称之为以大写的C开头的文化(Culturewith a capital C);普通文化包括人们的风俗习惯、行为模式、生活方式、社会组织、相互关系等,即把文化看作是一系列的特征,称之为以小写的c开头的文化(culture with a small c).我国学者裘克安(1993)则把文
摘要:<正>杰西·斯图尔特(Jesse stuart 1907—)是美国肯塔基地方文学的著名作家,他出生于肯塔基州的群山之中;幼年求学极为困难.因为地处偏远山区,教师不好招聘,学校经常停课;除外,年幼的杰西还必须经常帮父亲在农场上干活,尽管如此,他还是坚持不懈地学习,因为他深深地热爱着肯塔基群山及山里的居民.从孩提时代起、他就决心将来用自己学来的知识为生育他、养育他的故乡服务.所以,他大学一毕业,就立即返回家乡从事教育和写作工作.他的作品大部分是乡土文学,有诗歌、短篇小说和长篇小说,数目达几十篇之多.其作品就象山里人那样朴实,象群山那样美丽,象恋人那样深情.细读他的作品犹如喝了一杯清茶,喝了一杯美酒,令人神旷神怡,获得一次精神享受.下面,我们不妨以《空中开垦地》(Clearing in theSky)一文为例,浅析其写作手法来享受一番.
摘要:In the suburbs of Jinan, the Haplotropis braunneriana are distributed only in the sourthern hilly areas. This species likes to live in the grasses with shrubs along wild slopes and margins of woods facing the sun 5 sometimes they invade the arid farmland damaging the crops. These grasshoppers belong to phytophaga, but they select certain plants for their food. According to their ecological distribution,selection of habitats,their preference for food plants,suitable environmental temperature, humidity,light conditions and so on,they belong to typical species of arid biotopes in these areas.
关键词:haplotropis braunneriana;ecological habits;stadium;selection of habitats;food plants.
摘要:In this paper we discuss the properties of convergence and the rate of convergence of the generalized Baskakov type operators Vn,aδ(f;x), Vn,aN(f;x) by the method of probability.
关键词:generalized type Baskakov opera tors;approximation;rate of convergence
摘要:This paper expresses several kinds of functions to the differential coefficient of intermediate variable, then in means of calculus and in use of the technique of variable replacement , finding the effective way to the solution of these kinds of function ; moreover, it gives the expression to the function solved. The conclusion is drawn from the development of the references. Direct use of the conclusion drawn from solving the problems makes the process of solving more simple. Examples are shown in the paper .
摘要:This article discusses a new construction method, which uses flat - ended, steell plates with reinforcing - bars and interlocking devices to joint the undergound walls. And it also discusses the structure and construction methods of two improved joints. This new methed will prevent joints from leaking water and improve the whole rigidity of the underground walls.
关键词:continuous underground walls;flat-ended steel plates with reinforcing-bars;joints of interlocking devices
摘要:This article is about quality control.which is the core in projects,and also the focal point to realize the three objectives in building supervision.
摘要:Chitin is an important component of the arthropoda. The shell of arthropoda is washed by acid and base to remove calcium and protein, then unsolvable chitin is remained. The remainder is washed by concentrated base to remove acetyl, so the chitosan is available. Chitosan is more useful than unsolvable chitin . For getting a best method of chitosan preperation, the author did many experiments and obtained a few rules on theory and practice. They are valuable in studying chitin extraction and application.
摘要:The content of micro element components in earthworm were measured by using atomic absorption in this paper. It was found out that the content of six micro element components were high. For this reason,the results were provided with scientific basis for application of earthworm in food industry and Chinese medical study.
摘要:Various ways of molecule illustration of the three dimension structures of molecules in organic compounds give comparative explanations about the good and bad points,their relationship and practical uses.
摘要:This paper is intended to give an outline of the physical state and its dynamic characteristics of the present day new college study of the seventeen physical indexes of Qufu Normal University’s new students of the past three years, including the shape, function and quality of their bodies.
关键词:newly admitted college students;constitution;the developmental state.