We can’t ask and answer the question about the differences between Chinese and western learning generally. In the signified meaning the differences do not exist while in terms of the signifier

there are differences. Since the late Qing Dynasty

along with the encounter of eastern and western cultures

the evolution of Chinese learning is characterized with dialectical thinking: ranging from Chinese learning to western learning and finally to the localization of Chinese learning. Reflections and criticism about modernity

cultural consciousness of Chinese people

the importance of Chinese study as individual case and the deconstruction of "west-centered theory" all provide the opportunity for the localization of Chinese academic.