In recent years

China’s total fertility rate has continued to decline

even to a level far below that of some developed countries. This is closely related to many new factors emerging due to the great changes in the macro fertility environment in the new era. Rapidly rising income

soaring economic cost of raising children

rising risks of economic environment and employment

intense family-work conflict caused by the dilemma of gender equality

gradual improvement of old-age social security system

and rapid spread of low-fertility culture by new media have become the new factors for China’s continuous low fertility rate. When the government is formulating relevant fertility support policies

it should take these new factors into consideration

and approach the issue from three aspects: reducing the economic cost of childbearing

providing sufficient institutional guarantee

and creating a fertility-friendly social and cultural environment

so as to truly and effectively solve the difficulties faced by families in childbearing

help them realize their will in childbearing and increase fertility rate.