ZENG Zhenyu, ZHANG Xiaoran. "Natural Circulation of the Principle of Nature" : Three Characteristics of Cheng-Zhu’s "Principle of Nature"[J]. JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF JINAN (Social Science Edition), 2023,33(1):25-34.
ZENG Zhenyu, ZHANG Xiaoran. "Natural Circulation of the Principle of Nature" : Three Characteristics of Cheng-Zhu’s "Principle of Nature"[J]. JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF JINAN (Social Science Edition), 2023,33(1):25-34.DOI:
The "Principle of Nature" in Cheng-Zhu’s philosophical system does not specify time or position
but it has objectivity. The so-called objectivity means that the principle of nature can exist independently from human consciousness. The principle of nature is the moral foundation of the cosmos community of life and "the common good" of the community with a shared future. Cheng-Zhu describes benevolence with the principle of nature
which contains benevolence as a feature of the natural rights of human beings. As an innate natural right of human beings
benevolence follows the Natural Circulation of the Principal of Nature. The only reason why people have natural rights is because they are human beings. The nature of people determines that although people are limited individuals
they are born with such rights and freedom
and natural rights are prior to the laws and social systems in the secular world.