商务部研究院,北京 100710
彭波,商务部研究院副研究员,清华大学特聘研究员,历史学博士。
纸质出版日期:2018-05-15,
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彭波. 中美贸易摩擦、关税保护与贸易对等[J]. 济南大学学报(社会科学版), 2018,28(3):56-65.
Bo PENG. Trade Friction between China and America, Tariff Protection and Reciprocal[J]. JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF JINAN (Social Science Edition), 2018,28(3):56-65.
2018年3月,美国总统特朗普签署命令,决定对进口钢铝全面征收高额关税,针对中国的指向非常明显。随后,又公布了对500亿美元中国商品加征关税的清单。中国政府对此做出强硬反应,迅速公布了同等金额的反制清单。在此轮中美贸易摩擦当中,美国在对中国采取实际制裁的同时,还对中国发动了舆论攻击,声称中国在中美贸易当中对美采取不公平的做法,损害了美国的利益,其中对中国关税问题的攻击特别具有迷惑性,得到了很多人的认同,对此,有必要加以厘清。基于历史与现实的角度,可以更加明晰如下三个与当前中国关税有关的问题:一是关税与一国经济发展水平相适应,并非越低越好;二是中国的实际关税水平并不高,真实关税水平与美国基本上在同一水平,在不同的领域各有高低;三是在不同国家之间开展贸易,不可能实现关税对等(reciprocal),只能根据各自的条件进行选择。而且美国在历史上长期是世界上关税水平最高的国家,比其他国家高得多。在对自己有利的时候,美国从不要求与他国实现关税对等。
In March 2018
Donald John Trump
president of America
signed a presidential order which imposed high tariff on imported steel and aluminum. This is against to China directly. Afterwards
he announced that slapped tariffs on a broad range of Chinese exports to the United States about 50 billion dollars. Chinese government did strong response and published equal countering list. In this trade friction between China and America
America not only takes real actions
but also applies public opinions attacks. They claim that China applies unfair policies in Sino-US trade. Attacks on tariff problem are especially deceptive. Many people agree with their opinion. It is imperative to identify this problem. Based on historical and realistic perspective
we can clarify three questions. First of all
tariff is related with economic development level of a country. It is not the lower
the better. Second
real tariff of China is not high. It is equal with America. Trade in different countries cannot realize reciprocal. This varies with separate conditions. The United States has historically been the highest tariff country in the world for a long time. When it is beneficial to America
they never require reciprocal.
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